Liquefied Natural Gas Transfer

Chicago Bridge & Iron Company's tanks and associated piping are parts of system for transferring liquefied natural gas from ship to shore and storing it. LNG is a cryogenic" fluid meaning that it must be contained and transferred at very low temperatures about 260 degrees below Fahrenheit. Before the LNG can be pumped from the ship to the storage tanks the two foot diameter transfer pipes must be cooled in order to avoid difficulties associated with sharp differences of temperature between the supercold fluid and relatively warm pipes. Cooldown is accomplished by sending small steady flow of the cryogenic substance through the pipeline; the rate of flow must be precisely controlled or the transfer line will be subjected to undesirable thermal stress."

Full article: http://hdl.handle.net/hdl:2060/20030004769